Why Cite Sources?
Each and every time information is taken from a source (whether it is taken as an exact quote, re-worded, or paraphrased) and used in a research project, credit must be given to the original source of information. Typically, that is done in two ways:
- parenthetical, or in-text citations provide a brief notation of the author, date and/or page number
- lists of references, or works-cited provide complete publication or other information that would allow the reader to locate the complete source
Most research projects require both in-text citations and a list of works at the end of the project.
Documentation Handouts
Check with your instructor to determine which style is required for your research project. The handouts linked here provide examples for documenting the most commonly used types of resources. (You will need Adobe Reader to view or print the first four PDF documents below):
Modern Language Association handouts:
- MLA Print & Media Sources use this for print books and periodical articles, audio and video recordings, and speeches
- MLA Online Sources use this for websites, online books and periodical articles, e-mail, and digital files
American Psychological Association handouts:
- APA Print Sources use this for print books and periodical articles, audio and video recordings, and speeches
- APA Online Sources use this for websites, online books and periodical articles, e-mail, and digital files
Chicago / Turabian Style from the University of Wisconsin Writing Center
For More Help with Citation Styles
Visit these websites for additional information:
- Modern Language Association
- American Psychological Association
- Chicago Manual of Style
- OWL (Online Writing Lab) at Cayuga Community College Academic Support Center
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